Items · Journal of Marine Technology and Environment

INSTALLATION OF SUBMARINE CABLES IN THE OFFSHORE WIND INDUSTRY AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Valeriu-Florian VASILESCU; Dumitru DINU

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This article presents the main methods of installing submarine cables used in the offshore wind industry and the impact they have on the marine environment. From this article, the reader will be able to understand the basic principles that are taken into account from the design phase of a submarine cable, principles that seek to streamline their installation, operation and maintenance and their impact on the marine environment. Given the scale of the development of the wind industry, especially offshore, the length of submarine cables that provide energy transport from the wind farm to shore consumers is also constantly growing. The construction and operation of offshore wind energy systems has been and continues to be regarded with scepticism by environmental activists. Despite the undeniable benefits of this renewable energy source, the impact on the marine environment must also be taken into consideration. We studied the most efficient methods of installing submarine cables in the offshore wind industry – study which also includes analysing the behaviour of submarine cables and analysing ships’ movement during cable transport and installation. This article is only part of a major research on the installation of submarine cables in the offshore wind industry. In terms of the frequency and relatively short duration of submarine cable installation operations, on a small strip of up to 8m, the disturbances and impact caused by these operations are considered minor and are preferred compared to bottom trawling operations and dredging, which are repetitive and more extensive. A single impact, such as cable burial operations, is preferred to continuous, multiple or recurrent impacts. [1]

Full text,

A POINT OF VIEW ON THE PERCEPTION OF FUTURE PROFESSIONALS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF REFIRGERATION SYSTEMS

Ionela TICU; Elena GOGU

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

In the modern times, energy efficiency is of high interest because there is direct link between this concept and energy conservation, economics, environment and sustainable development. The energy efficiency intensification at international level is closely follow by national leaders and worldwide governments and organisations and by top companies as well. Considering this obvious aspects, higher education institutions are deeply involved in involving energy efficiency in the curricula of future professionals, in order to allow them to gain skills that will help in solving challenges specific to this activity. In this international context, Constanta Maritime University introduced in the curricula of the students enrolled in the specialization called Engineering and Environment Protection in Industry a discipline dealing with this very important activity, named Thermal Efficiency of Buildings and Industrial Processes. This paper is investigating the manner in which our students have mastered the tools of energy efficiency assessment of refrigeration systems, throughout a questionnaire applied to them, at the end of the chapter dedicated to these technologies. The students had to write short comments to very specific questions. Analysis of the comments helps the lecturer and the students to take appropriate measures in the next future. Thus, the feedback resulted to be quite positive because most of the students gained the knowledge provided in this respect. Still, delicate concepts, such as entropy, exergy or exergy destruction seem to raise difficulties to some students. In this respect, results that such an intermediary assessment has to be repeated more often, for other kind of technologies discussed during this course, with the involvement of the concepts introduced by the second law- which are essential in energy efficiency assessments.

Full text,

TOOLS TO ENGAGE YOUTH IN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CONSTANTA MARITIME UNIVERSITY APPROACH

Mirela-Iuliana SUNDRI; Feiza MEMET

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Environmental sustainability must be considered as the main target of humanity. To achieve this goal, the activities of many people must change into pro-environmental behaviour. This is often difficult because it involves high costs, giving up some daily habits and getting out of an artificial comfort. In this sense, education has an essential role to play. Young people are the target group for which appropriate methods must be found to help raise awareness of environmental issues and their involvement in solving them. In the current situation, under the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, practical applications with large groups of students and observation of the wild environment is difficult to achieve. In November 2020, the Department of Mechanical and Environmental Sciences within the Maritime University of Constanta organized online the activity “S.O.S. Nature” where different environmental processes have been highlighted through simulation programs. The event aimed to increase the awareness of young people about environmental pollution and its consequences, as well as stimulating transversal skills by high school students participating. The interest given by the large participation in this event and the knowledge gained in this activity underlined the importance of modelling and simulation as useful tools through whose comprehensive approach young people can understand complex environmental issues.

Full text,

COMPARATIVE CFD BASED PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GAS FLOW IN TWO CONTER-FLOW WET SCRUBBER SYSTEMS

Daniela-Elena JUGĂNARU; Mariana PANAITESCU; Liviu-Constantin STAN

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

In this study, gas flow field were simulated using ANSYS 2020R2, Fluid Flow Fluent computational fluids dynamic (CFD) software based on the continuity, velocity, temperature, energy and k -  turbulence. The overall objective of the study is to compare the pressure and velocity maps inside the wet scrubber system for two different scrubber designs. I have choose to analyse an In-Line scrubber bottom inlet, type I, and In-Line scrubber side inlet, type L. Bottom entry or side entry designs to allow a direct up-flow configuration and simplify engine exhaust gas duct routing for any type of vessel. The flow in a wet scrubber is very complex due to the interaction between dust particles, water droplets, and bulk water and flue gas. The flue gas flow is turbulent and there are multiple phases (gas, liquid and solid). CFD codes that predict gas flow patterns are based on conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy. The results show that the residuals have a very good job of converging at minimum flow contours and vectors at the inlet across the scrubbing chamber and outlet shows a distributed flow. The velocity profiles have fully conformed to the recommended profile for turbulent flow in pipes. As can be seen in the figures above, the velocity flow contour inside the scrubber is higher in the scrubber side inlet. Even though I choose to study the simplified scrubber model without taking into account that spray nozzle improve mixing between the scrubbing liquid and waste gas; from the results obtained, it can be deduced that the numerical simulation using CFD is an effective method to study the flow characteristics of a counter-flow wet scrubber system.

Full text,

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY STANDARDS OF THE WATER DISCHARGED INTO THE SEA AFTER WASHING THE EXHAUST GASES

Remus-Cristinel COJOCARU

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The main objective of this paper is to propose technical solutions for monitoring and recording data for a gas washing system on board a ship and to maintain in standard parameters the quality of surface water following the discharge of gas washing water from installations from the ship.The specific objectives of achieving the general objective are: the methods for evaluating the laboratory samples from the washing water evacuation, modeling the dynamics of the washing water and modeling the dispersion of the scrubber washing water on board for a case study,evaluation of the quality standards of the water discharged into the sea after washing the gases, the elements of calculation, modeling and graphical representation are present.

Full text,

THE APPLICATIONS OF GIS FOR DEVELOPMENT SOME CHOOSING AREAS

M. Angelica BAYLON; M. PANAITESCU; F. V. PANAITESCU

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This paper introduces Geographic Information System and its applications using datasets and innovative for research, extension services and development. Case study with GIS datasets is available for the Catanduanes Island. This application is good and efficient and will be recommended for actions in building GIS capability of human resources and for an environmentally sustainable and socio-economically Catanduanes support. GIS technology serves for the holistic development of different areas, in our case, for Catanduanes Island.

Full text,

APPROACHES BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Gabriela ANDREI

4/1/2021

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

In the current context of the existence of life, of the development of human activities, water has a double importance: - environmental factor, generator of ecological systems - “raw material” for certain uses (drinking water, industrial water, fish farming, leisure, etc.) The current problems in the field of water supply are due to: - exponential increase of water demand; - the limited water resources and their uneven distribution, which requires large and expensive works of development and accumulation of water; - deterioration of the quality of water sources, as a result of human activity and the emergence of industries that discharge waste, containing very stable impurities, difficult to remove from water, in the processes of water purification or treatment; - increase in standards on quality conditions that must be met by water delivered to the population [1]. For the extensive and intensive development of water supplies, a concrete solution, already existing in the area of Artificial Intelligence is given by heuristic methods and Evolutionary Calculus. This article provides an overview of the role of the most important metaheuristics, based on evolutionary concepts - Evolutionary computation and behavioral patterns inspired by biology - Swarm calculus) in the case of of water supply systems and their subsystems, with exemplification in the case of a model network (Scheme of the network distribution in Hanoi), taking into account water quality (its treatment with chlorine).

Full text,

WIND ENERGY CAPTURING DEVICES WITH POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION ON CONTAINER SHIPS

Mihail-Vlad VASILESCU; Dumitru DINU

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This article presents different types of unconventional sources of energy, green ones, which can be implemented on a container ship. In the articleare descriebed renewable energy devices, used like an alternative source of energy, green energy suitable for container ships, for reducing environment pollution and fuel consumption. We have made some studies by using CFD programme Ansys Fluent, for discovering the forces which influence the Flettner balloon if is installed on top of a container ship at 300 m altitude. This article major points are: wind energy capturing devices, Makani Power Plane, Ampyx Power Plane, Altaeros Energies, Kite Gen, Joby Energy, Flettner balloon. In the article we also highlight the influence of meteorology when we select the best, optimal and most efficient green energy device suitable for a container ship in order to upgrade it. The present article is a piece of a big research on the installation of unconventional energy sources, on container ships.

Full text,

EMSO-EUXINUS INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT OF OFFSHORE UNDERWATER ENERGY

Raluca RĂDULESCU; Vlad RĂDULESCU; Mariana PANAITESCU; Fanel-Viorel PANAITESCU

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Recently, a multitude of studies and research have revealed the enormous energy potential of the Planetary Ocean, generated by the hydrodynamics of seawater in the form of waves, tides or submarine currents. Preliminary studies conducted with various installations (in concept or prototype phase) in various countries of the world estimate a possible renewable energy budget of the order of TW. From this point of view, the Black Sea (Romania's exclusive economic zone) is no exception, being known (at least in the riparian countries) for the dynamics and strength of sea water, thus being susceptible to generating this type of energy.

Full text,

CAPTURE OF WAVE ENERGY

Valentina POENARU; Dumitru DINU

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Electric power generation contributes to approximately 40% of the total CO2 emission across the globe. The Oceans cover more than 70% of the total surface of the Earth and have possess important source of energy stored in the form of: thermal energy, kinetic energy (waves and currents) along with chemical and biological energy with a combined potential of approximately 2 TW globally. Focus of this study is about the expansive potential of wave energy which can be exploited to meet the ever increasing global energy demand. Wave energy harnessing technology is still in its nascent stage of development, but there has been steady technological advancement and research to optimise wave energy conversion efficiency, proper planning with regards to location of the plant installation and impact on the marine environment. The main advantage of harnessing wave energy is it would cause insignificant pollution damage, negligible greenhouse gas emissions and economically viable as per various feasibility studies carried out globally.

Full text,

BODE AND NYQUIST PLOTS: ASSISTANCE IN SOIL CHARACTERIZATION

Jana PAŘÍLKOVÁ; Zbyněk ZACHOVAL; Zuzana MŰNSTEROVÁ; Jan JANDORA; Jan MIKULKA; Jan DUŠEK; David JUŘIČKA; Tymoteusz ZYDROŃ; Andrzej GRUCHOT; Milan GOMBOŠ; Dana PAVELKOVÁ; Boriss GJUNSBURGS; Algirdas RADZEVIČIUS; Rytis SKOMINAS

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Climate change is a phenomenon manifested for instance, among other things, by alternating dry and flood episodes with an impact on the environment. Therefore, one must deal with the issues such as: how to retain water in the landscape, protect the soil from erosion or oneself from the consequences of floods. There are used well-known and proven principles supplemented by modern techniques and technologies to understand individual processes and solve their impacts. Electrical impedance spectrometry (EIS), in which a sinusoidal test voltage or current is applied to the sample under test to measure its electrical impedance over a suitable frequency range, is a powerful technique to investigate the electrical properties of a large variety of materials. EIS is used in a broad range of applications as a quick and easily automated technique to characterize solid, liquid, semiliquid, organic as well as inorganic materials. The subject of interest of the paper is the monitoring of selected soil characteristics in the water-soil interaction. Measurement of electrical impedance of soils in the frequency spectrum and processing of results in the form of Bode and Nyquist plots provides information on the water content in the soil and the possibility of estimating its structure. This is very important for various purposes of engineering geological practice, and especially for constructions. Model or limit curves of grain size, table values or indicative standard characteristics are used for the approximate assessment of some soil characteristics. Often, selected soil characteristics are described by the size of their effective grain or this parameter is used in mathematical formulas. In practice, the measured impedance spectra, represent an electrical fingerprint of the sample providing an insight into its properties and behaviour. The selected measurement results are obtained by new apparatus with Z-meter device in field and laboratory conditions.

Full text,

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BULGARIAN MARITIME TRANSPORT

Elena KATELIEVA

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Efficient transport plays an important role in the process of economic and social development of modern society. Maritime transport provides significant opportunities to increase efficiency and improve environmental performance. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis and various opportunities for energy efficiency improvement of maritime transport. The strategic geographic location of Bulgaria between Asia and Europe, defines our country as an important partner in the international trade. The participation of the Bulgarian transport on the international transport market and the development of the transport system, as part of the European transport system is one of the important directions for improvement of its efficiency. The transport sector is at a stage where existing measures for energy efficiency improvement need to be deepened and expanded in order to meet the sustainable development scenario. Environmental protection, energy efficiency and optimal use of the resources are among the main goals of the modern scientific community. Energy efficiency optimization in maritime transport could be achieved by applying a complex analysis and a combination of organizational, technical and operational measures for improvement.

Full text,

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTED IN THE OPERATION OF MARITIME CONTAINER AND RO-RO TERMINALS

Robert Alexandru DĂINEANU; Dumitru DINU

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Maritime transport is constantly changing and adapting. With the evolution of containerized transport, the concept of RO-RO transport and ships also took shape - it was initially developed for the sustainability of general freight transport on ordinary routes. The geographical position of the Black Sea is ideal for sea traffic and also has a high potential for the development of the Ro-Ro market. Ro-Ro ships are particularly well adapted to the requirements of short-distance transport, where transport speed and optimum operability are essential. The introduction of a Ro-Ro / Ro-Pax line that will connect the Port of Constanta and Karasu, Turkey will offer a cheaper and faster alternative to highly congested land routes around Turkey / Bulgaria and Bulgaria / Romania. Ro-Ro intermodal transport has many advantages, such as: high reliability, safety, low level of administrative complexity, reduces exposure to road accidents. Designed exclusively for container transport, the project provides for some changes to the terminal to determine the proper functioning of Ro-Ro / Ro-Pax intermodal transport, as follows: construction / installation of a pontoon, modification of the vehicle access road, extension of the ramp operation, arranging a quay for ships with a total length between 180-200 m, ensuring all facilities for good operability. The ship must complete a round trip between the ports of Constanta, Romania and Karasu Turkey within 24 hours. It approximates a stationary time of berth of maximum 2 hours and a journey of maximum 10 hours round trip.

Full text,

CURRENT CONTROL FOR STEPPER MOTOR OPERATION

Violeta CIUCUR

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The maximum benefit of a stepper motor can only be obtained if it is ordered correctly, this requiring a direct current source, an electronic switch and a controlled pulse generator (numerical information). For all their advantages, stepper motors have several limitations that can cause significant implementation and operation problems depending on the application.

Full text,

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MET: THE MAAP PHILIPPINES AND CONSTANTA MARITIME UNIVERSITY ROMANIA BEST PRACTICES

Angelica M. BAYLON; Mariana PANAITESCU; Fanel-Viorel PANAITESCU

10/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Sustainable development (SD) is defined as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The result of the analysis from the gathered data is presented in this summary. The analysis was based on the following research objectives: (1) analyze the concept of SD and applicability to Maritime High Education Institutions (MHEIs); (2) MHEIs integration of sustainability principles in their management, operations and curricula activities; (3) identify barriers to integration; (4) analyze contemporary approaches of MHEIs for SD; (5) suggest ways of improving the SD performance of MHEIs.

Full text,

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DEVICES ONBOARD SHIP

Mihail-Vlad VASILESCU; Mariana PANAITESCU; Fanel-Viorel PANAITESCU

4/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This article presents the scale of pollution in the world has because of the shipping industry. In the article, the reader will discover, renewable energy device system, used like an alternative source of energy, green energy suitable for container ships, for reducing fuel consumption, environment pollution, costs for ship owners and charters. We have made some studies about which is the best, optimal and most efficient system suitable for a container ship in order to upgrade it. After a long term of comparisons between systems we consider that if we will install some modern Flettner rotors and an Flettner balloon, in addition to the diesel generators that already exist on the ship, together with an additional electrical engine, we can reduce the fuel consumption, environment pollution and costs. This article major points are: pollution caused by ships nowadays, modern Flettner rotor, Flettner balloon, choosing the best gas suitable for our Flettner balloon, wiring diagram for the connection of the green source of energy to the main power switchboard of the ship, hybrid propulsion on container ship by using a diesel engine and an electrical engine. The present article is a piece of a big research on the installation of a hybrid system powered by energy, coming from conventional and unconventional energy sources, on container ships. We propose a propulsion system with a diesel and an electric motor and connection scheme to an automatic computerized generator control system. Finally, we have connecting conventional and unconventional energy sources to the ship main power switchboard.

Full text,

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALISYS OF A MARINE REFRIGERATION PROCESS

Andrei PREDA; Lelia - Letitia POPESCU

4/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Marine transportation is very convenient due to its very low costs. Due to the constant growth of population and its food demand, marine refrigeration is an attractive business. The purpose of this work is to find a way in order to enhance the total energy efficiency of a marine refrigerating plant working with R 134 a. In this study will be make a comparative analysis of the performance of a vapour compression refrigerating plant- met in marine transportation of perishables goods. The temperature values of the sea water at the inlet and outlet of the condenser will be considered to be 23, respectively 26 Celsius degrees. By studying the main parameters of the refrigerating plant cycle, we can establish the value of the convenient refrigerated power, so that the process is streamlined to the fullest. This work is in accordance with the measurements of the water temperature of the seas and oceans, at a depth of 2-3 meters, during the summer period. Depending on the temperature fluctuation, it has different values on the surface, but retains a constant value of 23-26 degrees at the indicated depth. Between the main parameters calculated in this study are the following: the mass flow of the refrigerant (qm), the total thermal power of the condenser (ΦRHE), total power input at the compressor (Pc) and Coefficient of Performance of the plant (COP). Considering that on board the ships, refrigerating effect might have different values, depending on the type of the ship, this study focuses on very clear criteria related to the cold production in optimum conditions. In this paper the refrigeration effect will take this three different value: 20 kW, 25 kW and 30 kW. On this bases will result three situations which will be analysed comparatively. Will be analysed the main values: the mass flow of the refrigerant, the total thermal power of the condenser, the power input of the compressor and the Coefficient of Performance. According to the above mentioned, will be possible to be indicate which is the best operating situation, among the three cases of study.

Full text,

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISK IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY

Marusya LYUBCHEVA; Lyubchev LIUBCHO; Milen DIMITROV; Mariana PANAITESCU; Fanel-Viorel PANAITESCU

4/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This paper presents the methodology for addressing health risk in the maritime domain. The study site is the Black Sea basin. Methodology: Risk assessment and analysis – a part of risk management; to show people what can happen before it happened; to create an environment to respond, not to create stress; to prepare the powers to react in case of events. Materials: Black Sea Basin, the tools of management and assessment of risk, factors of the environment/healthenvironment, professional illnesses and human factors. Results: identification the risks of systems and subsystems based on the indicators of hazards, choose the risk matrix, analyse the risk, prepare the risk management plan. Conclusions: If you control a number of similar workplaces containing similar activities, you can produce a model risk assessment reflecting the common hazards and risks associated with these activities.

Full text,

GREEN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Neculai IUREA; Liviu-Constantin STAN

4/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The concept of green energy means the activity of generating the electrical or thermal energy required for a diverse range of consumers, from renewable and non-polluting energy sources, such as: photovoltaic or solar panels, wind turbines, biomass/biogas/biodiesel, hydrogen, batteries of combustion, wave / tidal energy, geothermal or hydroelectric etc. By choosing such sources, consumers will be able to support the development of more environmentally friendly hot water for hygienic / household use, electricity or heating the house. Given that the cost of depreciation of the investment is not too long, then for us all, the implementation of green technologies can be a profitable investment not only for the industrial consumers but also for the domestic energies, thereby increasing energy independence but at the same time, reducing the cost of bills for certain utilities such as ones.

Full text,

IMPACT OF HVAC SYSTEM UPON FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF MAIN ENGINE FOR A VLCC SHIP

Cătălin FAITĂR; Cosmin-Laurenţiu DUMITRACHE; Nicolae BUZBUCHI; Liviu-Constantin STAN

4/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The performance of any system on board ship is specifically identified with its reliability. So as to get the best out of marine motors, it is critical to screen their performances and take measures to accomplish productive combustion. As a result of heat gains on board ships from engine rooms and crew, the increase in humidity as well as due to the various releases of gases from on board systems, room air deteriorates, requiring replacement and its processing through the HVAC (heat, ventilation and air conditioning) system. The combustion process in diesel engines is the most complex and difficult to address. HVAC system has a definitory role for diesel engine combustion.

Full text,

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC POTENTIAL OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD

Violeta CIUCUR

4/1/2020

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The electromagnetic field has two components of it, relative and interdependent, namely the electric field and the magnetic field. The electromagnetic field is a form of existence of matter, determined by the weighting actions of electromagnetic nature on the bodies in its area of action. The electromagnetic field consisting of static magnetic field and electric field varies in time with frequencies up to 300 GHz. The effects of the electromagnetic field are measurable and are thermal effects and mechanical effects. The mode of manifestation of magnetic fields is not perceivable by man, they are not accessible to human senses.

Full text,

FLETTNER ROTORS

Mihail – Vlad VASILESCU

10/1/2019

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The main focus of this article is the presentation of a new type of equipment for obtaining electrical energy, on ships, by using the wind energy, the Flettner Rotor. The main goal is the presentation of a type of wind turbine which can be used for the reduction of environmental pollution and of fossil fuels which are used for conventional propulsion systems on ships. I propose to show the principal components of the Flettner Rotor, his principal caracteristics, the power generated by the equipment at different ship and wind speeds. The main reason of this article is to try to show an equipment which can be used for reducing of ship pollution and the quantity of fuel used, increasing the energy efficiency, that means, to reduce the price of transportation and a method of saving money for the companies which own the ships. As a result of my research I discovered that the Flattner Rotor, is an equipment which can successfully be used on ships, like an alternative source of energy, while passing the sea or oceans. In recent years, a lot of money had been invested in the development and research of security measures for eco- ships. In 2008 "Enercon" project had been launched and the first ship with Flettner Rotor had been built. This system saves about 30-40% of the fuel and the ship can touch a speed of 16 knots, of course in combination with the conventional propulsion engine. One of the advantages of this system is that the rotors can be used to maneuver the ship, even when the ship is stopped without using the main engine propulsion. Flettner Rotors can be the future of eco- propulsion on ships.

Full text,

FLETTNER ROTOR WITH HELIUM

Mihail – Vlad VASILESCU

10/1/2019

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The main focus of this article is the presentation of a new type of equipment for obtaining electrical energy using the wind energy, the Flettner Rotor with helium. The main goal is the reduction of environmental pollution and of fossil fuels. I propose to show the principal components of the Flettner Rotor with Helium. The main reason of this article is to try to show an equipment which can be used for reducing of ship pollution and the quantity of fuel used, increasing the energy efficiency, that means, to reduce the price of transportation and a method of saving money for the owners. As a result of my research I discovered that the Flattner Rotor with Helium, is an equipment which can successfully be used on ships, like an alternative source of energy, while passing oceans. In recent years, a lot of money had been invested in the development and research of security measures for eco- energy research equipments for ships. Allot of equipments have been descovered, but a few of them had been emplemented and had success. Eco energy, the energy generated by equipments from Sun/Moon power and wind power is a free energy, but not a cheap one, it needs special equipment, specialized engineers.

Full text,

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TABACARIE LAKE

Mirela-Iuliana SUNDRI

10/1/2019

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The ecological characteristics of Tabacarie Lake on the Romanian Black Sea coast have undergone changes over time due to the pressure of the anthropic activities in the area. This requires assessment of the aquatic toxicity level. An ecotoxicological assessment of Tabacarie Lake effluent in the Black-Sea was done using 72 h Algaltoxkit biotest. The tests were performed using serial dilutions method, by halving the concentration, on some water samples from Tabacarie Lake. The ecotoxicological endpoints was the growth of green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The highest inhibition of algal growth, with a value of 17.7%, was recorded in the tests with 100% Tabacarie water concentration, after 24 h measurement. The lowest inhibition was recorded in the test with the lowest concentration of lake water (6.25%). Tests have revealed that at different low concentrations of pollutants, the difference between effects decreases over time and at different high concentrations of pollutants, the difference between effects increases over time.

Full text,

PROPOSING A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR SECURITY PERFORMANCE OF PORT FACILITIES

Muammer NURDUHAN; Barış KULEYİN

10/1/2019

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Port facilities have crucial importance for continuity of national and international trade while considering over 80 % of global trade are carried by sea. However, increase in circulation of goods at ports results in shortages in inspection and security problems. These security concerns reached its top level with the 9/11 terrorist attack. After this event, an urgent need for development in security strategies has taken the uppermost place in the relevant agenda. Considering this prominence, International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) Code issued to detect security threats. While ISPS Code comprises many security requirements, it does not present any quantitative method for measuring the effectiveness of these requirements and conformity of port and ships with the ISPS Code. This study aims to propose an efficient and applicable method that combines AHP and fuzzy logic to minimize subjectiveness of security assessment conducted by Recognised Security Organisation (RSO). The proposed model has been tested in a port facility with a Port Facility Security Officer (PFSO) and 30 security officers by using two questionnaries that developed for this purpose. The results show that this methodology is easy to use and it can be used as a helpful tool for RSOs and PFSOs in assessing port security activities with a crisp value.

Full text,