Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2013 Vol. 2

The intensified containerization during last decades and the increased capacity of container ships in combination with unverified container weights and EDI techniques which do not fully comply with SOLAS Ch VI requirements have led to a number of incidents involving loss of containerized cargo. This paper analyses both present SOLAS requirements for proper cargo information, including the IMO’s recently proposed amendments, and the modern techniques and standards for EDI. An introduction of obligatory verification of container weights at container terminal gates is proposed which together with revised BAPLIE and MOVINS EDI standards as suggested by author would form an efficient safety barrier contributing to the safety of maritime container transport.

This paper represents the results of a comparison study of different troposphere models and different mapping functions and combinations between them for calculating the troposphere delay of GPS radio signals. The best accuracy of GPS receiver is used for estimation of the best combination between troposphere model and mapping function. Local meteorological data is used in calculations. The generated data can remove troposphere error and increase the accuracy of GPS measurements.

This paper represents the developed with MatLab algorithms for extracting radio ephemeris from the receiver to the global satellite navigation system NAVSTAR and handling in order to realize the possibility of calculating the reference orbits of navigation satellites. The results can be used to extrapolate the location of navigational satellites, determining the exact location in ECEF coordinate system to a point in time or to a period of time.

This paper represents an approach for improving the accuracy of global positioning systems (GPS) measurements using local meteorological data. The current status of GPS accuracy is analyzed. The use of the data generated by the suggested model increases considerably the accuracy of GPS measurements.

An ecotoxicological assessment of Constanta Tomis harbor aquatic area was done using Marine Algaltoxkit, a 72 h algal growth inhibition biotest. A toxicity of the samples less than 20% and a tendency of test species Phaeodactylum tricornutum to adapt to aquatic conditions were found.

Offshore aquaculture system require reliable structural integrity and mooring system design for ultimate state limit, fatigue state limit and accidental and progressive state limit against environmental loading and accidental loading. To avoid mooring system failure, selecting an appropriate breaking strength and limit state for mooring system components is necessary. Suitable mooring system has been designed by group of researchers at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Valuable information was obtained from Technip and BV. The system has been tested in towing tank in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. This paper describes mooring system design that account for forces and environmental loadings. The paper describes evaluation of optimum mooring performance in wave, wind and current loadings on mooring components anchor buoy and riser elements that are involved the mooring system dynamics.

The ballast-bilge installation on board of a commercial ship has many purposes (correction of the position of the center of mass of the vessel, transferring and disposal of liquid ballast overboard, discharging overboard the water bilge collected). These installations are extremely important for transport efficiency and environmental protection. The paper presents the use of numerical computation for studying the hydrocarbon separation process in bilge installations. The separation process is significant because we must assure that all the hydrocarbons are well isolated so no environmental damage will be done. In the simulation process we were able to visualize all the parameters participating that characterize the process (density, pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent intensity). The volume of fluid was discretized into a structured mesh using uniform quad methods of discretising. These installations are used by both commercial and leisure ships and on on-shore and on off-shore structures. The process of hydrocarbon separation is done in various branches of industry.

Port efficiency and productivity are two of the most important factors in defining the competitiveness of a port. Lately it has been shown that while the ports are more developed and more competitive, have a greater tendency to respecting the environment, because that same competitiveness, are encouraged to apply at their facilities to international quality standards such as ISO14000, including measures that represent respect for the environment and corporate policies designed for that purpose. Moreover the socio-economic implications of logistics undoubtedly affect the social development of cities. So, the aim of this paper is to open a discussion in this regard, and analyze with a real situation and the economical , social & Envinmental impact on the venezuelan society.

The paper presents the mathematical modeling of the wave energy capture process. The wave energy is transformed into torque by a plant composed of multiple floating cylinders, which perform oscillating motions according to the wave parameters and to the constructive elements of a new patented plant.

To stabilize the burning of heavy oils and coals with high content of water and reduce the pollution from the combustion installations, the fine emulsions of water in heavy oil and the fine suspensions of coal dust in water are prepared. Thus, from natural fuels with high water content are obtained artificial liquid fuels with water in excess, which improves some economic, energetic and ecological indicators of burning process. In principle, these fuels can be adapted for the utilization in the energetic installations off marine ships. This paper presents the economic, energetic and ecological indicators of combustion of water-oil emulsions and water-coal dust suspensions on a test installation.

Maritime accidents, share some factors already considered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the researchers of the maritime world. The accelerated technological’s changes, has allowed significant improvement of human activities, in many cases, improving the effectiveness and efficiency in the majority of the fields, of which marine transport is not the exception. Unfortunately in some cases, new technologies have led to relaxation in safety, so the idea to establish some minimum parameters, it is essential to ensure the safety of human life at sea, for increase the prevention of accidents and protection maritime environment.

Most of ships worldwide currently use as working agent hydrofluorocarbon R134a (HFC134a) in direct expansion refrigeration systems. International concern forces shipping sector to use refrigerants with low value of GWP (Global Warming Potential), an index comparing the climate impact of an emission of a greenhouse gas relative to that of emitting the same mass of carbon dioxide. The widespread refrigerant on board the ships, R134a, has a 100-year GWP=1300, while its possible alternative, the hydrofluorocarbon R152a (HFC-152a) has a GWP=140. Starting from the environmental benefit shown by R152a, a thermodynamic comparison between R134a and R152a is made in this paper. Results will indicate the opportunity of the substitution.

The purpose of this paper is to show potential measures and practices for energy savings and to give recommendations for energy efficiency improvement of ship motor driven systems. For overall energy efficiency improvement of the ship is essential for companies to implement specific energy policy and to develop an energy management plan. As the motor driven systems are the largest energy consumer on ship optimisation of the performance of these systems will provide greatest energy savings. For achieving efficiency optimization it is necessary to determine baseline data of the system, identify and implement the most appropriate measures and practices.

Modern ports as a part of logistics chain and the transport networks are under sustainable development and process optimization. Port expansion should always be considered in the context of environmental legislation and its implementation in different national laws. The paper discusses the introducing of major environmental requirements for port development activities.

This paper presents the materials of experimental class-room activity which is a part of the project approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The project aims to create a Study Pack of Maritime English Introductory Course. One of the objectives is to find out methodological principles based on the interdisciplinary co-operation with specialists who are teaching major subjects. The great part of work has been done by senior students. The authors are thankful to the Department of Marine Engineering for the reasonable approach to the initiative, participation and assistance in preparatory work.

The article presents the results of studies of corrosion resistance, in particular the resistance of contact rivets of electrical apparatus with nanostructured multilayer coatings of the Ti/TiN type – the so-called superlattices, to salt sea mist. The possibility of using these contact bodies at sea has been experimentally proven.