Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2018 Vol. 2

The main focus of this article is the development and use of different types of modern marine propulsions. The main goal is the diversity of energy sources and the reduce of environmental pollution, hoping that this will ensure future energy security supply. I propose to show the advantages and disadvantages of different marine propulsions. The main reason of this article is to try to show a modality for reducing ship pollution and the quantity of fuel used, increasing the energy efficiency, that means, to reduce the price of transportation and a method of saving money for the owners. As a result of my research I discovered that is more convenient to use nuclear propulsion comparing with other conventional types of propulsions. In recent years, a lot of money had been invested in the development and research of security measures for nuclear propulsions, but most of them for military navy of highly developed nations. Nuclear propulsion is particularly suited to ships that need to be at sea for long periods of time without refuelling. Fuel costs are initially paid together with the reactor, initially high, but over time costs are attenuated.

Marine casualties are very critical issues for both maritime sector and the world. Due to generally large impact of marine casualties, there may be seen serious mortality, loss of property and financial, and environmental problems. The ships which are tanker type have more impact and dangerous on marine casualties because of due to the characteristics of the cargo that they carry. Bunker tankers, which are a type of tankers, are in close operation with the vessels when they serve their services. For this reason, the possibility of involved in a marine casualty of these ships is higher. In this paper, it was aimed to analyzed bunker tanker casualties, circumstances and their results. 204 bunker tanker casualty reports occuring between 1966 and 2017 were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 package. These reports were provided Information Handling Services (IHS) Markit Maritime Portal. According to analysis results, the most common types of casualties were determined as collision (32.8 %), hull and machinery damage (27.0 %) and wrecked/stranded (22.1 %), respectively. In addition, casualty involving injury or death and environmental pollution rates were found low, while almost half of the casualty reports were reported as serious.

The paper present details of analysis of soil samples which were contamined in soil, in rihizosphere areas. Surface samples were collected from a depth of about 0-15 cm. Depth samples were taken from a depth of about 20-40 cm. Research and methods: soil samples were taken as „Technical Guidelines on procedures for investigation and assessment of soil and subsoil” issued in accordance with GD. 1408/2007 and Ord. 184/1997. The sample is soil under the influence of soil heavy traffic recreation area, near the intersection Mangalia – Saturn. The indicators which were analysed are:lead, nickel, copper, total chromium, zinc. For each indicator, were analysed, from April to October month, the quantities (in mg/d. s), for 3 types of usage:normal, alert threshold, intervention threshold, for Mangalia - Saturn – Area and for Mangalia - Saturn – Depth. Results: risk matrix and calculations of test solutions. Conclusions: The trend is the accumulation Ni and Cr in all indicators have not exceeded the normal values. Indicators Cu and Zn values determined in generel ranks around the normal, with few exceptions below alert threshol..

Mariana trench is the deepest place on the Earth. It crosses four tectonic plates of the Pacific Ocean: Mariana, Caroline, Pacific and Philippine. The formation of the trench is caused by the complex interconnection of various environmental factors. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize various impact factors affecting formation of the Mariana trench geomorphology and continental margin environments using R programming language and mathematical algorithms of correlation methods written on R code. To record the system of geological, tectonic, geographic, oceanological and bathymetric features affecting Mariana trench, a combination of statistical methods, GIS and R programming codes were applied. The questions answered are as follows: which factors are the most influencing for the Mariana trench morphology, and to what extend do they affect its development? Is sedimental thickness of the ocean trench basement more important factors for the trench formation comparing to the steepness slope angle and aspect degree? Three methods of computing were tested: Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, Kendall correlation, numerical correlogram, correlation matrix and cross-correlatios to analyze environmental impact factors. The correlogram matrices are computed and visualized by R scripting libraries. Complex usage of programming tools, mathematical statistics and geospatial analysis enabled to get a differentiated understandings of the hadal environments of the Mariana trench. The results revealed following three types of factors having the highest score: geometric (tg° slope angle), geologic (sedimental thickness) and tectonic structure. The results furthermore indicated that tectonic plates, sedimental thickness of the trench basement and igneous volcanic areas causing earthquakes play the most essential role in the geomorphology of the trench.

Navigation under sail has been known to people for at least a thousand years, having evolved with the advance of mankind, where the quest has always been towards shortening sailing time by optimal routing and pursuing top speed. With the development of computer technologies and automation in shipping, the art of conning a sailing craft has been transformed and enhanced to a new level. Great consideration is now given to the protection of the marine environment and the atmosphere from the ever-increasing carbon emissions, which has resulted in the rediscovery of wind-powered navigation. It is worth noting that the global demand for and purchases of medium and large sailing boats and motor yachts with sails have plummeted over the last 10 - 15 years. The effect of wind and seas on sailing ships operation is disproportionately greater compared to motor-driven vessels. For the purposes of safe navigation sailing crews must closely observe the parameters of sailing vessels’ movement, hydro-meteorological conditions and navigational aids’ operation. They provide essential information of the ship's position, course, heel angle and rudder angle, distance made good, the elements of the hydro-meteorological conditions as well as forthcoming weather forecast, etc. Present-day sailing relies on these parameters for the normal operation of the various automatic systems used in the handling of sailing vessels. A universal automatic system has not yet been developed that would incorporate all factors at play in the safety of sailing in such a dynamic environment. The modelling of such a system will ensure the safe and optimal movement of multi-masted sailing vessels, regardless of the hydro-meteorological conditions in the navigation area.

The Manning industry known as the recruiter and selector of Filipino seafarers to foreign ship-owners for the purpose of manning their oceangoing commercial vessels is on the crossroads in ensuring that the Philippines known as the manning capital of the world would sustain the market leadership of the Philippines in the global ship-crewing industry by constructively addressing a complex of internal issues that threaten competitiveness. While such is a perfectly legitimate aspiration, the larger goal must equally pay attention to the enormous pressures imposed by the external environment, mainly the matter of competition and non-traditional opportunities which emerge within the manning sector, including its direct links with the global maritime industry in which it thrives. The seafarers, predominantly men in the deck and engine positions but joined by a significant number of women in cruise ships, are deployed through the manning companies which select, hire and train them by virtue of contracts with the overseas operators or owners. Filipino seafarers are widely acknowledged by foreign ship-owners, called principals, for their ability to sail and operate merchant ships of all types with efficiency, safety, and general cost-effectiveness. This paper presents an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are facing the Philippine Manning Industry for the year 2014-2015.