Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2015 Vol. 1

The aim of this paper is to study and explain the spreading of oil on the water surface. Oil spills in sea waters are serious environmental disaster often leading to significant and long-term impacts on the sensitive aquatic systems. Having a detailed knowledge of oil slick behavior on water can be important in making operational decision and taking appropriate action against pollution. When crude or refined oil products are spilled on the sea, they are spread to form an oil slick. The slick spreads over the water surface due to a balance between several forces. A number of natural processes take place, which disperse the oil and change its chemical and physical properties.

In Turkey, techno-nautical services’ principles are determined in Port Regulations prepared by Turkish Transportation, Maritime Affairs and Communication Ministry. But the principles are set mostly empirically or experience based. This study helps decision-makers and stakeholders for the correct utilization of resources on technonautical services by developing a dynamic simulation model. For this purpose, the pilotage service algorithm has been developed according to structured interviews with pilots, with statistical data of Traffic in Bosporus and all rules and regulations in effect on the waterway. It is found out that by the designed algorithm, it is possible to make correct decision about the required human resource as pilots even in a complex system as in Istanbul Strait. And due to dynamic nature of algorithm with application of simulation software different scenarios can be evaluated easily.

The article presents a model of process of port infrastructure safety management, based on proactive approach, which is defined as an activity, directed on maintenance and improvement of the future state of port infrastructure safety. Model is directly related to the adoption of project decisions, because provides the concordance of the put aims and chosen strategies through their realization. Proactive management is one of the basic principles of port infrastructure safety management, laid down in the proposed model. Proactive approach to port infrastructure safety management involves planning strategy of this activity by formation of a portfolio of projects that achieve strategic objectives of port safety improvement program. Proposed model of port infrastructure safety management allows effectively manage the current state of port infrastructure safety through measures aimed primarily at reducing the probability of an emergency, as well as to forecast and evaluate the future state of port infrastructure safety with regard to its development.

The assessment of the human reliability is an attempt to predict the behavior and the attitude of the man, which could lead to the realization of a critical situation. This is a complex process, mainly due to the fact that unlike machines which failures are predictable and easy to be identified because of the exact parameters that the process must have at any point in its development, when dealing with people, we cannot speak of "failures” in the purely technological sense of the word. Some of the most important reasons for that are: that the people’s work is often described qualitatively, but not quantitatively; in most of the cases the action carried out by a human is part of a process shaped by the actions of other people involved in it; and in the complex of factors, physical and psychological, personality-related, qualifications, experience and knowledge, as well as the environment and the nature of work, which affect the human in the performance of his duties.

In the context of the high interest on the concept of energy, engineering education has to adapt to the modern technical requirements. In this respect, marine engineering, as a part of engineering education is facing curricula changes. This paper deals with an attempt related with the improving of the teaching syllabus of the discipline called Thermodynamics / Part 1, included in the curricula of future marine engineers, enrolled in Constanta Maritime University (CMU). More exactly, it is about the theory of open cycles of gas turbines. The need of improving this theory came from the fact that in the last decades, this technology became more and more attractive for different industries. Maritime industry is one of these, where it is registered a high interest for thermal performance improving. Thus, if the classic theory of open cycles gas turbines was based on considering the working fluid to be a perfect gas, having constant specific heats, the new approach is discussing the case of irreversible cycle and specific heats of air and flue gas depending on temperatures. Results the need of a new hour allocation. This theoretical basis is allowing a more detailed thermal efficiency evaluation and assessment of specific fuel combustion.

The pressure on ships designers to achieve both reduced fuel costs and reduced emissions by optimizing the hull and propeller has never been higher. Being one of the key strategic business goals for ship owners and operators, the reduction of fuel cost becomes essential; and furthermore a variety of recent legislations require owners and operators to move towards the reduction of emissions from ships of SOx, NOx and CO. There has been great interest in the potential to enhance the performance of existing vessels through retrofit of devices to the hull, in parallel to the performance improvement of new built vessels. The Wake Equalizing Duct (WED) device must be customized to fit to the afterbody of the ship in terms of performing its supposed function as Velocity over the Target Surface and Pressure. The Designer is therefore placed in the front of multiple geometric solutions from between he has to make a choice. A given geometry of a WED device is taken and via Design Optimization the geometry of the duct was refined so that better results are achieved with a smaller and more compact WED. A rational choosing approach by involving the numeric optimization of the geometry of the WED in order to select the best fitted WED to perform the best in order to achieve some predefined parameters is targeted in this papers.

In this paper two-zone thermodynamic model has been used for modeling the combustion process in direct injection diesel engine based on the results of modeling the combustion process by using single zone thermodynamic method. Single zone thermodynamic method depends on the average value of in-cylinder temperature and pressure, which considered one of the main defects of using one-zone thermodynamic model. Hence, developing a new model is very necessary especially for better description of the in-cylinder peak temperature during the combustion process. The concept of two-zones thermodynamic model is based on dividing in-cylinder gases in two zones the first zone is unburned zone which contains fresh air and the injected fuel, and the second zone is burned zone which is formed from combustion products with high temperature. The importance of the two-zone thermodynamic model is using it to calculate and to model Nox emissions. The formation of Nox emissions highly depends on the in-cylinder peak temperature. Hence, the more accurate results in modeling the temperature of in-cylinder gases lead to obtain more accurate results in modeling Nox emissions

The heat transfer in marine diesel engines is a complex phenomenon that occurs by two main components, the connective and radiative components under varying conditions such as temperature, pressure, and composition of incylinder gases. Hence, modeling the heat transfer phenomenon during the combustion process in high speed marine diesel engine imposes many difficulties in determining the heat flux through the combustion chamber walls. Many researches have been carried out many studies to understand and to model this phenomenon. Since modeling this phenomenon is an important step for modeling the whole combustion process which takes place inside the combustion chamber, many models and correlations of these models have developed for modeling this it in satisfied results and in a relative short time. This work concentrates on the two main methods for modeling the heat transfer in diesel engines which they are Hohenberg, Woschni and their correlations, with the use of MATLAB program for numerical modeling.

Improving the quality of electricity and electromagnetic compatibility is a topical issue in shipboard electrical power systems as these concern two main technical aspects. First is to improve the electromagnetic compatibility, which leads to improvement of the operating modes of the equipment and thus increase of the overall reliability of the system. Second aspect is related to the quality of electricity leading both to increase in overall reliability and refinement of measures to reduce the power and energy losses. The latter is particularly relevant, since it is directly related to saving primary energy sources - liquid fuels, and this in turn leads to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper focuses on the possibilities of using some new quality indicators of electricity and electromagnetic compatibility, which are not regulated by normative documents. Practical software application has been developed in MathCAD Prime 3.0 environment and its use is shown in experimental studies of cruise ship class 1A1.

The new geometrical and analytical techniques of nonlinear dynamics offer to the naval engineer ideal tools for studying the ship dynamics and stability. Between them, the bifurcation diagram, the Poincare map, the phase plane, and the time histories are considered in the paper in an attempt to demonstrate the low period solutions of the asymmetric roll equation derived by Kan and Taguchi. The model assume a linear damping, a restoring moment represented by a third-order polynomial and a single frequency harmonic excitation. For moderate forcing amplitudes, the system exhibits a period 1 motion, characterized by a period doubling bifurcation to a period 2 motion that warns about the beginning of a period doubling cascade to chaos. Two different approaches, the Fast Fourier Transform and the Harmonic Balance Technique are used to obtain approximate solutions for the period 1 and 2 motions and to predict the period doubling bifurcation by a stability analysis. The two sets of solutions match reasonably well with the numerical solution, especially for the first mentioned approach.

The satellite navigation systems are very important for the contemporary navigation, including and maritime navigation. Currently, there are several satellite navigation systems, used actively for navigation. There are several systems, which are currently being constructed. To provide the necessary coordinates and other navigation dates, they use geodetic reference systems (GRS). GRS are systems of parameters, describing the Earth as a complex geometric and physical figure. These parameters are defined based on the large amount of geodetic, astronomical, gravimetric, Doppler, geomagnetic and others measurements, related to the determination of the figure of the Earth. In world practice, including and satellite navigation systems, are used parameters of several GRS systems - of US, Russia, China, India and others. Can be mentioned that during 1979 was developed by the International Association of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) international GRS system, which is recommended for application in various geodetic activities. This system is known as GRS 1980. There are some differences in the values of some of the corresponding parameters of the various GRS due to different Earth measurement databases, which are used for their determination. These parameters are continuously specified during the performing of every subsequent Earth measurement and adjusted so that GRS systems to be modified without changing of their abbreviations. There is an irreversible trend regarding getting near of values on corresponding parameters in the different GRS to the internationally accepted, moreover these differences are negligible.

This paper introduces MAAP, its curriculum and research and extension initiatives including but not limited to one of MAAP latest best practices in introducing GIS to its community (internal and external) who share similar passion for MET innovation. The various GIS–based accomplishments led and shared by MAAP as part of its Research and Extension Services (RES) initiatives are presented namely: several GIS-based papers presented and published both local and international; GIS-based project proposals for campus management enhancement prepared for MAAP, Bataan Peninsula State University (BPSU), Lyceum University of the Philippines ( LPU) and Catanduanes State University (CSU); capability Training on GIS for MAAP community and other interested institutions; and Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Department of Science and Technology (DOST)- endorsed National 3-day GIS Conference are also discussed. There are 78 proposed GIS-based research project workshop outputs currently being implemented by 20 higher educational institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines, 17 of which are applicable to any maritime education and training institutions (METIs). MAAP has six on–going GIS- based special academic research and development projects which this paper intends to share to co-AMFUF members.

The paper presents the design and the experimental study of a prototype of frequency converter powered by single phase voltage designed to control three-phase induction motor for the needs of the Laboratory of electric drives of the Technical University - Varna. A number of tasks related to the design of the basic elements of the frequency converter as a bridge rectifier, bridge inverter and driver board are determinate and solved. A special programming of the converter is realized concerning different operating regimes of the three-phase induction motor. In addition, numerous experiments are conducted with the real-made prototype.