Journal of Maritime Technology and Environment 2010 VOL1

According to the mid-term review of the EU White Paper on Transport, Short Sea Shipping is expected to grow at a rate of 59% (metric tonnes) between 2000 and 2020. Even with Marpol Annex VI [1] in operation, the share of emissions from maritime transport can no longer be ignored because they would become increasingly important. There is an existing need to evaluate the impact of the maritime transport on emissions. This paper analyses emissions of maritime transport in SW European Short Sea Shipping, considering actual routes and ships’ particulars based on MOPSEA [2] emission model and the results of LAERTES [3] project carried out by TRANSMAR Research group. This paper will conclude proposing some results that would justify the need to reduce atmospheric emissions from sea-going vessels to compete with road transport mode. Policy makers have to be aware of the results and its effect on the current legislation for maritime transport.

An asymptotic analysis starting from the Navies-Stokes equation derived for a compressible ideal gas shows that there is a lack of consistency between compressible models and ‘incompressible’ sub-models, in the presence of heat conduction. The paper presents three mathematical formulations of the governing equations and restricts our attention to the twodimensional case.

This paper represents an overview about cryogenics applications in the maritime field and onboard commercial vessels. Basics thermodynamics in general and cryogenic refrigeration in particular are theoretical knowledges which become compulsory when we are dealing with complex processes like liquefaction, re-liquefaction and boil-off. The papers aim is to familiarize the students/crew members onboard LNG tankers with the basic concepts of refrigeration cycles and cryogenics.

Seen from the perspective of electromechanics, propulsive engines can be asynchronous, synchronous and synchronous - asynchronous, can have low rotation frequencies for direct coupling to the screw shaft, whereas at high rotation frequencies the coupling is performed through a reducer. With respect to asynchronous engines used in the electrical propulsion of ships, several features have been subject to our close examination: the moment when sliding, the mechanical characteristic between motor speed and coupling as well as between coupling and sliding in accordance with the rotor speed, and finally the coupling characteristics of asynchronous engines and the related mechanisms.

The paper presents a laboratory model of a submersible electric generator operating at relatively low speed values, synchronous, tri-phased, average built-in structure. The generator was conceived as a tightly sealed device, inner bearing coating and a driving shaft provided with tightening rings. The inductor is the fixed coil and the rotatable inductor with cylindrical permanent magnets Nd-Fe-B sintered and claw poles.

Fuel injection pipe pressures are measured and simulated to study the effect of fuel injection pipe length on the injection system characteristics in a direct injection diesel engine. The fuel injection simulation is based on a linear model. The governing equations are solved by the finite difference method.

A computer analysis has been developed for studying the energy and exergy performance of an direct-injection, naturally-aspirated diesel engine operating under transient load or speed conditions. The model is validated at steady-state operation and incorporates many novel features for simulating the transient response and analyzing all of the engine availability terms. The analysis reveals via multiple diagrams how the exergy properties of the dieselengine subsystems vary according to the engine cycles for various speed and load changes. The diagrams also show the current-speed response. In addition, the effects of operating parameters such as the intensity of the applied change or heat loss to the walls are described from first- and second-law.

Very often, when speaking about reduction of crews the shipping industry just thinks about the technical possibilities for such reductions. Unfortunately it will be paid less attention to the sociological and psychological impact, which can put into risk the vessel and the crew. There are several human consequences of crew reduction that should be taken in account according to the different kind of trips and also to the general possibility of crews to communicate among themselves. The communication language and the availability of somebody to speak are both, very important. Boredom can also affect concentration and attention. The loneliness feeling can, on the other hand, propitiate the consume of drugs in the case of people with some tendency to addictions. In this paper we will analyze these factors and suggest also some guidelines for the future.

Is important to determine the temperature distribution inside the cylinder walls as well as on the two faces of the cylinder. It’s necessary to be able to predict any deterioration of the material due to thermal stresses.

The fuel consumption and GHG emissions from shipping are directly associated with energy efficiency of integrated ship energy system. In this paper, there are considered gas emissions from shipping, compared with other ways of transportation and on the basis of Engine Room Simulator ERS4000 are made an example for modeling and optimization of processes of energy producing and distribution. There are described some sources of gas emission and facilities to analyze possibilities to decrease of gas emissions and increasing of energy efficiency (technology-technical means for increasing energy efficiency with exploitation of ship energy system) and using different scenarios in education and examination of students, cadets and engine teams.

In this paper determination of a marine diesel engine indicative diagram, taken by mechanical indicator, problem is reviewed. On the basis of recognition of images and analysis of the resulting database energy economical parameters (EIP) are collected, which completeness and accuracy exceed those obtained by modern mean indication pressure (MIP) systems. The software used for processing and generating the database in Flash environment is also described.

FPGA implementations of CFAR detectors in different scenarios and environments are described in this paper. Possible combinations with other modules to improve performance and functionality, implemented in different classes FPGA’s are discussed.

LNG business started in the ‘60s and since then evolved quite fast. The high natural gas demand the existence of receiving terminals. The most significant function of a terminal is the LNG conversion through the vaporization process. In the last years, improvements of the LNG technology focused on the liquefaction process and shipping. This paper deals with the regasification of LNG, which traditionally is done by taking heat from the sea water. Is analysed how the integration of the cryogenic heat sink in the situation of a H2/O2 cycle affects the exergy efficiency.

Ships are important air pollution sources since their high powered main engines often use heavy fuels. Internal combustion engines are widely used in the shipping sector. Shipping emissions cause significant effects on the environment. In this paper is made an analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of the Otto Cycle. The eco analysis is made by introducing the efficiencies under maximum power conditions and maximum ecological conditions, and also the heats rejected to the environment under these conditions.

An application of a multistatic sonar concept is presented. Signal excess areas were simulated for a given configuration of one active source and two passive receivers for different sonar, target and sound speed profile parameters. Time delay estimation algorithm based on convolution in frequency domain is developed. Experimental results are given with real sonar measurements and time delay estimation in test tank and at sea trial.

The paper is addressed to the marine officers from the Navigation section and to the students from the final year of studying who are in the training voyage, before the final exams and before obtaining the maritime certificate. The progress from the IT domain, communications and the techniques of leading the maritime ships allows nowadays the reduction of the determination time of the astronomical point of the ship. Due to the fact that IMO through STCW imposes the unification of the training way of the marine officers, no matter the country they come from, in this paper I introduce a series of notations and international standards. On their basis it can be accomplished the training of the students and of the deck officers from different countries for the on-line determination of the astronomical point.

The exercises are classified on the basis of different quantitative and qualitative criteria. They provide information on the aims of exercise or which sphere or branch of the marine education it is designed for. Other criteria specify the number of the included objects as well as for the variables of the training environment and duration of the exercises. The classification of the exercises also takes into consideration the necessity of instructor-operators for operating the simulator sessions, the vessel traffic, special procedures in bridge management or the organization of the examination.

Using computer software “Solid Works” to generate the geometric form of the seal's rings and “ANSYS-9 WORKBENCH” program for the FEM analysisi to calculate mechanical stresses and thermal loandings of a mechanical seals as a part of the centrifugal pumps working in an oil refinery. The goal of this analysis is to improve the design of the seal.

The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a presentation of some mathematical properties of hyperbolic conservation laws. We restrict our attention to those properties thought to be essential to the development and application of numerical methods for conservation laws.

The early 2000’s saw the revitalisation of the ship manoeuvring activity of the Ship Hydrodynamics Department of Icepronav. Mathematical modelling of the ship manoeuvring was approached on a new basis. The Abkowitz model, although classical, was found suitable for the available experimental gear - the planar motion mechanism (PMM), installed on the carriage of the main towing tank, length×beam×depth: 280×12×6m. Software for the experimental data processing and basic IMO manoeuvres simulation was written. Till mid 2008, this procedure was used for both contractual and research work.

The paper presents a mathematical model of the filling (emptying) of the lock chamber in a transition period, when the valves are opening or shutting. In this situation, we can consider a linear variation of the flow. We shall study the flow of the viscous fluid, no compressible, in an unsteady regime, through the lock camber filling (emptying) conduits with the help of the general equation of Navier-Stokes and the equation of continuity. To solve these equations we used the potential vector, which has a physical significance: the circulation of the potential vector on the perimeter of the conduit section is equal to the flow through this conduit. By approximation we established a hyperbolic variation of the velocity of the liquid level to an asymptote.

The aim of present article is to determine the possibility of further exploitation of the supporting girders of an under-crane way in “Varna - West” port before pressing repair. For this purpose destructive mechanical and metalography testing of samples cuted from those girders were made.

This article gives background information about MarTEL Project and its achievements. The MarTEL Project is being developed by several European countries within the frameworks of European Union Leonardo da Vinci educational programme in order to establish international standards in Maritime English. In 2009 Ukraine – Kyiv State Maritime Academy, in particular, joined the project. Ukraine occupies the 5th place in the world in manpower for different ranks and classes of seafarers working on multi-national and multi-flagged vessels. The participation of the Ukrainian higher educational institution in this project is one indication that Ukraine is interested and involved with international co-operation in order to reduce merchant vessels incidents and accidents caused by the human factor relating to Maritime English communication failure on board ships and in ports.

The analysis is based on a naval power with synchronous generator and consumers of various powers. The paper presents a systemic approach to naval power systems based on mathematical models of specific generators and consumers.

The purpose of this article is to investigate numerically the dynamic response of a satellite structure subjected to an impact with high velocity space debris. Satellites provide numerous services for modern society. They perform essential duties for military, governmental, and commercial organizations. The missions of these spacecraft include science ventures such as earth observation, interplanetary exploration, astronomy, and solar physics. They also include commercial endeavors such as television signal transmission, data transmission, and satellite telephone communication. In one of the currently considered designs of the satellite, its outer skin is planned to be constructed from two-ply composite material panels. Their structure may be subjected to impacts with space debris (mass 0.0014 kg). In the present work a transient non-linear-dynamics based analysis is carried out in order to predict the extent of damage of satellite panels during potential hypervelocity impact with space debris. The used simulation code was ANSYS/LS-DYNA, taking advantage of its explicit dynamics facilities and capability to model the impact phenomenon.