THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS

The accelerated development of artificial intelligence (AI) poses significant challenges to the protection of fundamental human rights, enshrined in key documents such as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the European Convention on Human Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. While AI technologies can improve administrative efficiency and access to justice, their uncontrolled or non-transparent use can pose major risks to rights such as privacy, equality, freedom of expression or the right to a fair trial. Moreover, facial recognition and intelligent surveillance systems can lead to an erosion of privacy and excessive monitoring of citizens, with the potential for abuse by authorities. At the same time, the use of AI in justice or in the automated selection of beneficiaries of public services can affect the right to a fair trial and equal access to resources, in the absence of clear human control and an effective challenge mechanism. From a legal perspective, a clear and predictable regulation of AI is necessary, which respects the principles of the rule of law, includes democratic control mechanisms and ensures the accountability of the actors involved (developers, authorities, users). In this regard, the AI Act proposed by the European Commission in 2021 represents an important step, attempting to introduce a risk-based approach and prohibit systems that clearly violate fundamental rights. In conclusion, for technological development to remain compatible with democratic values, it is essential that AI is developed, implemented and overseen within a solid legal framework, centered on the respect and promotion of human rights.