ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CRIMINAL LAW: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly penetrating the field of criminal law, offering solutions for streamlining investigations, judicial decision-making and crime prevention. However, the use of AI raises complex issues regarding criminal liability, respect for fundamental rights and transparency of automated decisions. The main risks include algorithmic discrimination, lack of human control and the legislative vacuum regarding the regulation of AI in justice. In order to avoid abuses and protect the rights of persons involved in criminal proceedings, clear regulation is needed, ensuring transparency, fairness and mandatory human intervention in critical decisions. Thus, AI offers important opportunities for the modernization of the criminal justice system, but these must be managed within a well-defined legal and ethical framework.